What to know:
- FBI may have identified Coldcard attackers after 1,082.65 BTC worth approximately $70.2 million was stolen.
- Galaxy Research identified 1,196 drained addresses during the first wave on July 30.
- Vulnerability affected Coldcard devices using flawed seed generation, requiring users to migrate previously generated vulnerable wallets.
Coldcard theft investigation has taken a new turn as the FBI may have identified attackers behind the first wave of the July 2026 Coldcard wallet exploit. The initial wave stole 1,082.65 BTC worth about $70.2 million based on the value of the transaction. The amount was originally estimated much lower overall.
According to Block engineer Clay Garrett, investigators identified the transaction pattern and traced it back to a paid account on a popular blockchain service provider. According to internal logs of the provider, the requests match with an unusual level of detail, including request number and exact timing. According to Block, the provider seemed to be unaware of any criminal activity and shared all available information with law enforcement.
Galaxy Research mapped the initial wave, which involved 1,196 addresses being drained in the timeframe from 01:10:20 to 01:51:26 UTC on July 30. Stolen bitcoins were transferred to new addresses and have yet to move. Thorn says that the Wave 1 attacker’s identity is probably known by law enforcement already.
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Coldcard Theft Reveals Firmware Security Risks
The coldcard theft incident stems from a seed-generation vulnerability affecting Coldcard devices and firmware released from 2021 onward. Specifically, a code update made in 2021 redirected random number generation to a software pseudo-random generator instead of the intended hardware generator. This significantly lowered the entropy and increased vulnerability of private keys to computational search.
The issue remained undetected until the attackers drained Coldcard wallets on July 30. The company informed its Mk3 customers about the vulnerability and later issued an update that revealed the vulnerability of some Mk4, Mk5, and Q wallets. Firmware updates cannot fix the seed generation process; users need to move funds to a new wallet.
Coldcard Theft Investigation Broadens as Questions Remain
The exploit has affected Bitcoin behavior. OKX reported record inflows to centralized exchanges after the incident, while The Block observed new Bitcoin addresses rising above 330,000 as users migrated funds. The event highlights the difference between counterparty risks and implementation risks, self-custody solves some issues, but it cannot eliminate security risks built into the flawed software.
The Coldcard Theft case also revived discussion of Coinkite’s “retirement attack” warning, describing a scenario where flawed entropy could enable later recovery. At the same time, Peter Gray and Coinkite have not reacted to the claims yet. Now it is time to attribute, track down, and recover the funds. Users should move.
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